![]() ![]() The desperate search for adequate domestic supplies also spawned endless schemes for (cheaper) production, none of them ending in much more than bankruptcy, fraud, and failure. Those affected by cave-ins and ruined buildings, however, had little hope of recompense legally or financially sometimes bribery was the only way to escape intrusion. In Charles I’s day, the need to dig turned many a royalist and high-born property owner against the government’s policy. Young Christopher Wren saw his father’s pigeon house collapse because of such excavations, and many others had worse tales to tell. Since it gave carte blanche to saltpetermen to go where they chose, they showed no respect for private property they dug under houses, churches, and public buildings. Only when cordite became the killer of choice did the saltpeter enterprise come to an end.īut the domestic search for saltpeter also had a contentious and political aspect. When Henry VIII laid siege to Boulogne in 1544, his army used thirty-two tons of saltpeter a day for 250 guns, whereas by mid-Victorian times, British fortresses and batteries at home could boast 1,664 guns, with 4,812 more of them scattered across the Empire. By 1500, guns had become the main weapon of warlike Europe, but the needs of a bellicose ruler like Henry VIII were but early chapters in the story of ever-larger armies and guns supplies, with the requisite salt-peter to sustain them. His story combines chemical and technological exploration, speculations about nature, the ever-growing needs of armies, the clash between the interests of monarchs and those of citizens displaced by the despised saltpetermen, and the woes of depending on imports. ![]() It was the major ingredient in the explosive powder that played a major role in determining the outcome of battles and even the fate of kings and kingdoms.Ĭressy follows the desperate search for those precious and vital nitrogenous earths, mostly in England but also with an eye on the American colonies at the Revolution, ending with a brief run into the nineteenth century. Saltpeter (potassium nitrate) was distilled from earth, well saturated with dung and urine-Cressy attributes its power to “the vitalizing power of urine and excrement, and the miracle of nitrous-rich soil” (174)-though it was also found in natural beds. A significant part of the “military revolution” that swept across early modern Europe was the “gunpowder revolution,” which rested to a significant extent on the supply of saltpeter. ![]()
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![]() ![]() In this guide, we’ll take a look at four ways you can add them to your videos, both manually and automatically. You just have to follow the specific structure and save the file in the SRT format.Īlternatively, you can use Clideo's online subtitle editor to add subtitles and even stylize them, for example, choose what font they would use or change their color and size.Most video editors, including Camtasia, have captioning capabilities and fortunately for you, captions and subtitles are super-easy to create. If you need to create your own subtitles, it can be done in any text editor. Such subtitles can also apply to inscriptions, like newspaper headlines, names of organizations, etc. Forced subtitles are mainly used in episodes where the foreign language is used or some explanation is needed.įor example, the movie is in English, but there’s a scene where characters speak other languages or use gestures to communicate, and subtitles with translation are displayed. You may have seen them while watching a movie in the theatre or on TV. Not all players support subtitle playback, but most common players do.Īnother type is forced subtitles. To display external subtitles, a video player must be able to work with them, i.e., overlay text on video at the right moment. Such subtitles can be viewed in a text editor, modified, and deleted. There are soft subtitles as well (also called softsubs or external subtitles) – these are the captions that are attached to the video as a text file. They are also called hardcoded subtitles or hardsubs. If there are closed captions, you may wonder if there should be open captions as well? You’re right! While closed captions can be turned on or off by the viewer at any time, open captions are always displayed on the screen and cannot be turned off as they are a part of the image with text superimposed on the source video. Both are inscriptions at the bottom of the frame that convey the spoken words or contain explanatory text, so the difference is subtle and may not seem easy to spot. Speaking of which, although these terms sometimes are used interchangeably, there is a difference between closed captions and subtitles. If you frequently watch videos on YouTube, for example, you may have seen a “CC” sign, which activates closed captions. Nowadays, in the age of the internet, we have access to countless videos on topics that interest us, and subtitles are also helpful if we happen to find content from foreign creators. And, of course, subtitles are also an indispensable tool for hard of hearing viewers. On the contrary, they began to be used even more as translation from a foreign language or as a way to put additional information in the film. With the advent of sound cinema, subtitles have not disappeared. The difference from regular subtitles is that one can turn closed captioning on and off. ![]() For example, in some films, the text says “disturbing music is playing”, “strong wind”, “the main characters are whispering”, etc.Ĭlosed captions are mainly used for the viewers who know the language used in movies but who can’t hear the sound due to hearing impairments or if the sound is muted. As the video is played, the captions with the texts from the audio signal are shown, indicating who said what and other sounds. What does closed caption mean? Closed captions allow the viewer to read the dialogue text of the audio portion of a video or movie. What are the subtitles? In simple words, they are mainly used when translating films or videos that were originally filmed in a language foreign to the viewer. Definition of closed caption and subtitles ![]() ![]() Open a remote folder or workspace From the WSL terminal If you plan to work with other remote extensions in VS Code, you may choose to install the Remote Development extension pack. Note: When prompted to Select Additional Tasks during installation, be sure to check the Add to PATH option so you can easily open a folder in WSL using the code command. Install Visual Studio Code on the Windows side (not in WSL). See the Remote Development and Linux article for details. Also, extensions installed in Alpine Linux may not work due to glibc dependencies in native source code inside the extension. Note: WSL 1 does have some known limitations for certain types of development. Install the Windows Subsystem for Linux along with your preferred Linux distribution. Note: After reviewing this topic, you can get started with the introductory WSL tutorial. This lets VS Code provide a local-quality development experience - including full IntelliSense (completions), code navigation, and debugging - regardless of where your code is hosted. The extension runs commands and other extensions directly in WSL so you can edit files located in WSL or the mounted Windows filesystem (for example /mnt/c) without worrying about pathing issues, binary compatibility, or other cross-OS challenges. ![]() You can develop in a Linux-based environment, use Linux-specific toolchains and utilities, and run and debug your Linux-based applications all from the comfort of Windows. ![]() The Visual Studio Code WSL extension lets you use the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) as your full-time development environment right from VS Code. ![]() Configure IntelliSense for cross-compiling. ![]() ![]() ![]() 4G LTE, which stands for Long Term Evolution, has a long track ahead. In fact, not only will it be at least a decade or more before 4G has been fully eclipsed by 5G, but 4G LTE is a more cost-effective choice – and offers plenty of bandwidth – for most IoT applications. However, that day is far enough in the future that IoT deployments today and in the foreseeable future will be deployed on 4G networks. Like anything else, 4G will become obsolete one day. When Will 4G LTE Be Phased Out? (Not for a Long Time!) You can find some additional information in the post, How to Stay Ahead of the 3G Network Sunset, which also describes why carriers shut down their 3G service instead of supporting it indefinitely. To learn more about the transition from 3G to 4G, see our blog post, How to Ensure a Successful Migration from 2G and 3G to 4G LTE, about how to make that move as smooth as possible. More information on 3G sunset dates for Canadian and European carriers is available here. The last activation date for 3G on the Sprint network was April 2019 and the Sprint 3G network will be shut down in December of 2022. ![]() T-Mobile has stated that they will shutter their 3G networks in April, 2022.AT&T has stated they will sunset their 3G network in February of 2022 with the last date for phone activation on the 3G network being already past. ![]()
![]() ![]() Before You StartĪll Themify themes come fully loaded with the Builder. These are available as single, standalone theme memberships, but the best value for your money, and most popular membership is the Master Club. Just follow our simple guide, using our faithful Themify Builder, and you’ll have professional looking parallax layout on your site in no time!įor the best experience, we’d recommend the Ultra theme for it’s versatility or the Shoppe theme to build eCommerce sites. Trust us, if our communications editor with no tech background can do it, you can. Making a parallax overlapping layout isn’t as hard as it seems. With its powerful features and easy-to-use interface, you can create stunning parallax scrolling effects that will leave your visitors impressed.Due to the popularity of our Top 10 Parallax Sites blog post, we’re going back into the world of sliding and floating elements with a tutorial on how to create one. We’re committed to making sure you get the most out of our plugin.ĭownload Parallax Scroll WP today and take your website design to the next level. Support: Our dedicated support team is always here to help you with any questions or issues you may have. SEO-friendly: Our plugin is lightweight and optimized for search engines, so you can enhance your website’s design without sacrificing performance or visibility.Ĭompatible: Parallax Scroll WP is compatible with all WordPress themes and plugins, so you can use it with any website. You don’t need any coding skills to create stunning parallax scrolling effects on your website.Ĭustomizable: With Parallax Scroll WP, you can customize the speed and direction of the parallax effect, choose from multiple animation styles, and set different effects for mobile devices and desktops. Here are just a few reasons why you should choose Parallax Scroll WP:Įasy-to-use: Our plugin is designed with ease-of-use in mind. Our plugin is the most advanced and user-friendly parallax scrolling solution on the market. Well Organized allow to Customize Easily.Įxclusive FEATURES OF THE PLUGIN INCLUDES.Customize background, overlay, padding and more.Image, Title, Description option for each item.One-Click & unlimited Shortcode Generator.Compatible with all WordPress themes and plugins.Customize the parallax scrolling speed and direction. ![]() ![]() Add parallax effects to any element on your website.With a few clicks, you can create stunning parallax scrolling effects that will impress your visitors and make your website stand out from the crowd. The plugin is incredibly easy to use and requires no coding skills. Parallax Scroll WP is a versatile plugin that allows you to add parallax scrolling effects to any element on your website, including text, images, and backgrounds. Parallax Scroll is an Amazing WordPress Parallax Scrolling Background plugin to Build a Responsive and Attractive section with a Background Parallax Effect on WordPress Site. As the user scrolls down the page, the background images move at a different speed than the foreground elements, creating a visually appealing effect. Parallax scrolling is a popular design technique that creates an illusion of depth in a website’s design. Live Demo | Docs | Support | Product PageĪre you looking to enhance your website’s design and user experience? Parallax Scroll WP is the perfect plugin for you! With its easy-to-use interface and powerful features, you can create stunning parallax effects on your website in no time. The Easiest Way to Get a Parallax Scrolling Background Image with Desired Message, Title, and Logo on Your WordPress Website. Parallax Scroll is a Parallax Section Builder plugin for WordPress. ![]() ![]() ![]() *More information on military occupational specialty codes can be found below: Qualified veterans are encouraged to apply. CAPPS Recruit, MILITARY OCCUPATIONAL SPECIALTY CODES: To complete the supplemental questions go to CAPPS Recruit to register or login. Omission of data can be the basis for disqualification you may state ‘unknown’ for any incomplete fields. If education is used to meet the minimum requirements of the job posting, a copy of a college transcript(s) issued from the registrar must be provided if you are selected for an interview.ĪPPLICATIONS SUBMITTED THROUGH WORK IN TEXAS: Work In Texas (WIT) applicants must complete the supplemental questions to be considered for the posting. If this information is not submitted, your application will be considered incomplete.Īpplications with “See attached" or "See resume" will not be accepted in lieu of a completed application. Please indicate hours worked for part-time/temporary/seasonal experience. ![]() Part-time experience credit is prorated based on the duration and hours worked per week. Job history and volunteer experience should be listed in the work history section of the application to receive credit towards meeting the minimum requirements. PLEASE NOTE:Īll applications must contain complete job histories, which includes job title, dates of employment (month/year) and hours worked per week, name of employer, supervisor's name and phone number and a description of duties performed. To manage and conserve the natural and cultural resources of Texas and to provide hunting, fishing and outdoor recreation opportunities for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. Schedule : Full-time Standard Hours Per Week : 40.00 ![]() Organization : PARKS AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT TPWD - Architect II - III (Design Project Manager - Architect) ( 00034605 ) ![]() ![]() ![]() Optum Rx Copay Card Solutions is a suite of two programs designed prevent manufacturer assistance programs from disrupting your benefit plan. It doesn’t seem right that one member can meet their deductible essentially ‘for free’ using a copay card, while their co-worker has to spend their own money to meet the same deductible. This puts plan sponsors in an uncomfortable position. But copay assistance only applies to members who take specific drugs. If each plan member pays the same premium, they should get the same coverage. This effectively reverses the cost incentives built-in to the HDHP design.Īll of this points to a basic question of fairness. For example, if a plan has a $2,000 deductible, and a copay card pays the $2,000 cost share, the deductible would be met immediately. The same is true for plan sponsors who utilize a high deductible health plan (HDHP). That effectively reduces the monthly copay to zero, which is not the intention of the plan design. If the member has a $100 monthly copay, the copay card offsets that entire amount. Take a specialty drug that costs $4,000 per month. Copay assistance can significantly disrupt these plan designs. But in order to work, the benefit plans have to work the way they were intended. 4 Copay assistance presents challenges for plan sponsorsĮmployers take a great deal of care to design prescription drug plans that best meet the needs of their employees and their business. This amount was spread across over 669 programs among 253 different manufacturers - a 48% increase since 2016. Copay assistance dollars for commercially insured plans tripled from $6 to $18 billion just between 20. 3Ĭopay assistance programs are a significant and growing presence in the specialty drug world. Researchers from Harvard, Kellogg and ULCA business schools calculate that consumers pay up to $2.7 billion more for health care because of copay assistance. ![]() Overall, individual consumers wind up paying more, not less. Those increased costs are passed along to members in the form of higher premiums. Unfortunately, when coupon programs drive increased sales of high-priced drugs, employers and insurers must pay for them. One study found that for every $1 million invested in coupons, pharmaceutical manufacturers realized more than $20 million in profits. 1Īs tools, coupons are extremely effective. This may circumvent plan sponsors' formulary strategy, as the presence of a copay card means patients may not have financial incentive to utilize a lower-cost preferred therapy. Drug manufacturers use them to steer insured patients toward their medication. Ĭopay coupons, at their core, are a marketing tool. Manufacturer copay assistance programs help insured patients afford expensive prescription drugs by covering part or all of a member’s deductible and copay for certain medications. Drug maker copay cards can disrupt your benefit strategy unless you act.Īs drug costs continue to rise, drug manufacturers have designed ways to reduce the out-of-pocket costs for patients. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() See the audio spectrogram of a file (almost all popular formats supported). Spek-Acoustic spectrum analyser: FOSS, simple to use.Advance ID3 tag editor and can edit multiple items at once, great for cleaning messed up metadata. Kid3-Audio Tagger: FOSS, part of the KDE community.XLD-Lossless audio decoder: FOSS, lightweight.I have used these for years and I highly recommend them. Lastly, I have three other music management related Mac apps I want to give a shoutout to. Other music library management apps for macOS They’re both able to manage large music libraries and have lots of in-built features, while being free. If you have more time to tinker around, I would suggest trying out Quod Libet, or Foobar2000. If you are also thinking of finding a new music library app on your Mac, I can personally vouch for Swinsian for a simple switch over without much fuss. I could be wrong, but I was unable to retain these statistics with any of the other apps I tried. I use these stats to build custom playlists, and it was crucial for me to retain the info from my iTunes library when migrating to a new music library app. This includes stats like: last played, date added, play count and star ratings. The most important feature I value with Swinsian, that I couldn’t find in other music library apps, is the fact it could import all the metadata from my iTunes library. Preserving all my stats from my iTunes days. Recently released version 2.5 on Mac, which is more akin to the full Windows version. The UI is somewhat rough around the edges in my opinion, but it has many features, albeit in a slightly less user-friendly interface. Foobar2000: Free, proprietary Windows-based music app.The latest release, version 1.3.1 is from 2016 though. Also has appearance settings if you’re into customizing UI. I like that it has song and artist information integrated within the app (like when browsing the Apple Music store). Clementine: FOSS, can transcode audio, support streaming services and even has an Android remote app.VOX: Subscription model ($5/m), integrates with streaming services and supports hi-res, but personally I did not like GUI.Soon, when I get a new Apple Silicon Mac, I will be trying the latest release, as it does offer lots of complex music library and search features. FOSS is always a plus in my books, but unfortunately it was incredibly buggy and kept crashing. This was my first choice while researching. Quod Libet: Free, open source software (FOSS), extensive library organization tools and plugins available.Pine Player: Free, lightweight, supports almost all lossless formats and playback up to 32Bit 768kHz, but lacks library management functionality.(I have many CDs ripped at 256kbps MP3 back in my teenage days, which I find lacking compared to lossless audio in my current head-fi setup). I have also been slowly re-ripping my CD collection to the highest quality to enjoy my music fully well into the future. With a library of over 10,000 songs, I needed an app with good library management features. I was at this point where I had to find an alternative music library app on macOS. I am still happy my Mac could live to see another day, but the days of iTunes are finally over as Apple retired the iTunes app for Apple Music. After the fix using FSCK and disk repair commands via terminal in recovery mode, I had to do a clean installation of Catalina (the last compatible OS with this Mac). I was still on Mojave then and did not want to upgrade to Catalina as it was probably going to be a bit taxing on my 10 year old Mac. Recently, my mid-2012 13″ MacBook Air decided to fail on me with corrupted SSD errors. What pushed me to find an iTunes alternative I never liked the fact it didn’t play FLACs, would spontaneously corrupt my carefully curated library after updates, and felt bloated to run on old hardware. Therefore, if you want to enjoy your favorite music without complications and without having to resort to iTunes, download Swinsian.I have always had a love/hate relationship with the Apple iTunes app ever since I became a Mac user in the 2000s. It allows you to export music to iPod classic models and iPhone (iOS 3). Integrates its own library for cataloging music. Monitors to add new music folders automatically. Supports multiple formats of audio MP3, M4A / AAC, WMA, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, WAV, AC3, APE, AIFF. Swinsian can see in a very clear way all data about songs, and lets you add or edit tags for each. This program has a simple yet elegant that seamlessly integrates with the system interface. So if you want to enjoy music without having access to videos, electronic books and an online store, you can use Swinsian. To enjoy your favorite music Mac users often have to resort to iTunes, but there are times which can be a stodgy and too many program elements. ![]() ![]() ![]() If the tube is obstructed because of inflammation of tubal tonsil, the remaining air in the middle ear is absorbed into the blood vessels of its mucous membrane, causing a fall of pressure in it and consequent retraction of tympanic membrane. The pharyngotympanic tube equalizes the pressure in the middle ear together with the atmospheric pressure to allow free movement of the tympanic membrane. An individual consumes once every minute when alert and once every 5 minutes when sleeping.The cilia of mucous lining of the tube beat in the course of nasopharynx and drain the secretion of the middle ear into the nasopharynx. Clearance of middle ear secretions by aggressive opening and closure of the tube.Protection of middle ear by preventing the transmission of high sound pressure from nasopharynx to middle ear as normally the tube stays closed. ![]() At rest, the tube stays closed but during swallowing, yawning and sneezing it reflexly opens. Preserves equilibrium of air pressure on each side of tympanic membrane.The following are the functions of the pharyngotympanic tube: Since the eustachian tube is shorter, wider and much more horizontal in babies, the infection from nasopharynx can easily get to the middle ear for this rationale, middle ear diseases are much more common in babies and young children than in adults. Oblique, directed downwards, forwards and medially (makes an angle of 45° with the horizontal plane) More or less horizontal (makes an angle of 10° with the horizontal plane) Pharyngotympanic Tubes of an Infant and an Adultĭifferences between the eustachian tube of an infant and an adult. The cilia beat in the course of nasopharynx and therefore help drain the secretions and fluid from the middle ear into the nasopharynx. The tube is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with interspersed goblet cells. The pharyngeal orifice is the broadest part of the tube. It’s situated in the lateral wall of the pharynx, about 1.25 cm behind the posterior end of inferior nasal concha. The pharyngeal end is comparatively large and slit-like (vertically). It’s situated in the anterior wall of the middle ear, a little above its floor. The tympanic end of the tube is small and bony. ![]() ![]() ![]() It proves, at least to me, that Poe was first and foremost a poet, even in prose. While I mostly enjoyed Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories, I couldn’t help but feel that I was reading poetry at times. There’s rhythm to his work, there’s power, suspense, and emotion, something you can truly feel and hear when you read his works out loud or listen to them. Reading his stories out loud made me recognize the mastery he held over the craft. Once I got used to it though, there was something special about Edgar Allan Poe’s style. He’s painting detailed pictures, not only of what his characters see, but what they feel and experience. His writing is often very imaginative, relying more on mood and atmosphere. As a non-native speaker, his often verbose and poetic style was tough to get into. When I first started to read Edgar Allan Poe’s works, I needed some time to get used to them. ![]() Instead, I was treated to tales of gripping psychological horror, of sick minds, and the terrible deeds they committed. Instead, I was treated to tales of unreliable narrators, characters who are mentally ill and suffer from various ailments, fears, and addictions. I’d imagined him to be a writer of ghost stories and of creepy tales in which people are stalked by dark things and terrible creatures. Reading the works of Edgar Allan Poe differed from what I expected. Want to know more about Edgar Allan Poe and his life? Check out the Writers Mythos and their episode on Edgar Allan Poe. It’s no understatement to say that the literary world we know today might be very different without him. Wells, Jules Verne, Robert Louis Stevenson, Herman Melville, Arthur Conan Doyle, H. The list of writers Edgar Allan Poe influenced is long and extensive, including Charles Baudelaire, H. He didn’t just set new standards he changed the entire course of literature.Įdgar Allan Poe is hailed as the father of the modern detective story, the psychological horror genre, but he was also highly influential in such genres as science-fiction and adventure. It’s not wrong to say he was a pioneer in many ways. There are few writers as influential as Edgar Allan Poe on the horror genre and the American literary tradition in general. That’s why I spent the last months reading almost all of his works. Yet, it was mostly because of pop-culture references and from the influence he had on other writers and horror literature in general. Edgar Allan Poe was a writer whose stories I was well familiar with. ![]() |
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